About the origin and birth of masks, let's get some cold knowledge
About the origin and birth of masks, let's get some cold knowledgeAt present, there are many kinds of masks on the market, such as fashionable masks, ordinary medical masks, N95 masks, etc. So when flu and other respiratory diseases are high, how to choose the correct mask to prevent infection?
Source: Chinese Preventive Medicine Association micro-platform
Influenza viruses only need to spread through droplets. The enemy that masks often face is it. Masks are even more important to the defense ability of influenza viruses.
Mask origin:
The earliest historical "mask-like objects" appeared in the 6th century BC. During the religious ceremony of the ancient Persians, it was unclean to wrap the face with a cloth to prevent the vulgar breath.
In the Yuan Dynasty, in order to prevent bad breath from spreading to the emperor's food, China used a "face mask" made of silk and gold thread.
When the Black Death spread across Europe, the "Beak Doctor" appeared, wearing a black hat and a beak-like mask, wearing white gloves and holding a wooden stick to protect himself from infection.
The birth of the mask:
Modern masks originate from the research of bacteria discovery
In 1895, German pathologist Lederch discovered that airborne bacteria could infect wounds. He suggested that doctors and nurses use gauze to wrap their noses and noses during surgery. As a result, the wound infection rate of patients has been greatly reduced. As a result, masks have gradually become popular and popularized in the European medical community.
In 1897, a British surgeon installed a thin wire support in gauze to leave a gap between the gauze and the nose and nose to overcome the weakness of poor breathing. In 1899, the French doctor Paul Bertie made a six-layer gauze mask and sewed it on the collar of the surgical gown. Just turn the collar up. Later, he changed the mask to a method that can be tied freely, and hung it on the ear with a loop strap. Modern masks were born so gorgeously.
Mask evolution:
From March 1918 to the end of 1919, the most terrible "Spanish flu" in history caused about 20% of the world ’s infections, and the death toll was about 20 million (the latest research also estimated about 100 million), which is higher than the first world The death tolls of the First World War were still large, which became one of the reasons for the early end of the First World War. During the spread of the disease, people were obliged to wear masks, especially the Red Cross and other medical personnel. Since then, the mask has become a symbolic image of the emergence of the disease.
In 2003, the SARS epidemic in China, the mask reached its peak at this time, the use and popularization reached a new climax, a SARS almost made the mask out of stock. Subsequent emergence of flu and smog intensified the demand for masks.
How to choose a mask during the flu season?
At present, there are many kinds of masks on the market, such as fashionable masks, ordinary medical masks, N95 masks, etc. So when flu and other respiratory diseases are high, how to choose the correct mask to prevent infection?
First, choose medical masks and anti-fog masks (see "Respiratory protective equipment-Self-priming filter anti-particulate respirator" (GB2626-2006), "Technical specifications of daily protective masks" (GB / T 32610-2016) Cannot be used for pathogen protection. Secondly, choose a suitable medical mask. Medical masks include three types of medical protective masks, medical surgical masks, and ordinary medical masks.
Medical protective mask
◆ Protection effect: The important technical indexes of medical protective masks conform to the "Technical Requirements for Medical Protective Masks" (GB19083-2010): particle filtration efficiency> 95%, blocking pathogenic microorganisms with diameters <5μm or close contact through droplets Infectious particles. Inhalation resistance <343.2Pa, that is, medical protective masks can prevent most pathogens such as bacteria and viruses.
◆ Scope of application: Medical personnel who work with patients with respiratory tract infectious diseases or in high-risk areas where respiratory tract infectious diseases are transmitted, such as fever clinics and respiratory outpatient clinics, should wear medical protective masks.
Medical surgical mask
◆ Protection effect: The main technical indexes of medical surgical masks conform to the standard of “Technical Requirements for Medical Surgical Masks” (YY0469-2011), particle filtration efficiency> 30%; bacterial filtration efficiency> 95%, suction resistance <49Pa; compared with medical protection Masks, medical surgical masks can block most bacteria and some viruses.
◆ Scope of application: It is suitable for the places with relatively dense personnel, such as the protection of staff in outpatient, emergency, medical guide and other patients with respiratory infectious diseases.
Ordinary medical mask
◆ Protection effect: The technical indexes of ordinary medical masks comply with the relevant registered product standards, generally lacking the requirements for the filtration efficiency of particles and bacteria, and the protective effect on pathogenic microorganisms is inaccurate.
◆ Scope of application: It can be used for general medical activities in ordinary environments (such as visiting patients, etc.) or blocking pollen and dust to prevent allergies.
In addition, most of the gauze or fashion masks that are common in the market can only play a certain mechanical barrier to larger dust particles, and cannot effectively prevent pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses. It is not recommended to prevent respiratory diseases. (Contributed by Zhu Lin, Department of Disinfection and Vector Control, Chaoyang District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing)
Geng Yuanyuan Source of this article: NetEase Health Comprehensive Editor: Geng Yuanyuan _NJ5571
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