Masks originated in China, seemingly simple items, in fact, have traveled over 700 years of history
Masks originated in China, seemingly simple items, in fact, have traveled over 700 years of historyThe earliest masks that played a sanitary role, according to records, may be traced back to the Yuan Dynasty in China.
Masks originated in China, seemingly simple items, in fact, have traveled over 700 years of history
In 1275 AD, the famous Italian traveler Marco Polo came to China and saw that the people serving the emperor in the Yuan palace were covered with a layer of silk cloth. At that time, the Yuan dynasty believed that the exhaled breath might contaminate food and cause the emperor to become ill, so they should be covered with silk cloth. It must be said that such a sense of precautions can be said to be very advanced. But such masks are only used in the palace. After all, the cost is too expensive. According to the record in Marco Polo, the silk cloth is made of silk and gold silk, which is not affordable for ordinary people.
If silk cloth is the origin of facial protection in the east, the beak mask should be the beginning of the masks used for hygiene protection in the west.
Masks originated in China, seemingly simple items, in fact, have traveled over 700 years of history
In the 17th century, when the Black Death struck Europe again, a group of plague doctors with beak masks appeared. The standard configuration of the plague doctors is a black coat, a beak mask, a hat and a long tent. To be honest, this dress looks not like a doctor, but more like the incarnation of death. Of course, the plague doctor dressed like this naturally has its meaning behind it. The Black Death is highly contagious. Doctors at that time believed that the virus was spread through the foul air, so blocking the odor is the key to blocking the virus. The beak mask was born, which was filled with various spices such as ambergris, melissa, spearmint leaves, camphor, cloves, rose petals, and Su Hexiang, which are absolutely aromatic. But in fact, the protective effect of this mask is very limited. After all, the virus is not really spread by odors, and at the time, in order to facilitate ventilation, a few holes were poked in the beak.
Whether it is a Yuan Dynasty gauze or a bird's beak mask, although they were masks made by ancient people with a sense of protection, they did not really play a role in blocking bacteria.
If you want to block bacteria, you must first find bacteria. At that time, although the medical community began to sterilize all surgical supplies, it did not protect the mouth and nose. The doctor can say a few words during the operation, which can cause infection of the patient. Until 1897, a German surgeon Jan Mikulicz-Radecki finally discovered the fact that droplets can also spread bacteria, and began to promote a gauze disinfectant mask that can cover the mouth and nose. The French microbiologist Louis Pasteur, the inventor of pasteurization, passed the famous gooseneck experiment in 1861, proving the existence of biological bacteria in the air. But at that time, although the medical community began to sterilize all surgical supplies, it did not protect the mouth and nose. The doctor can say a few words during the operation, which can cause infection of the patient. Until 1897, a German surgeon Jan Mikulicz-Radecki finally discovered the fact that droplets can also spread bacteria, and began to promote a gauze disinfectant mask that can cover the mouth and nose.
Masks originated in China, seemingly simple items, in fact, have traveled over 700 years of history
In 1899, a British surgeon began DIY, and installed fine iron wire in the gauze, leaving a gap between the gauze and the nose and mouth to overcome the weakness of poor breathing. Later, masks are generally fixed with wires. Subsequently, a French surgeon Paul Berti discovered that only masks with at least six layers of gauze can effectively prevent the spread of oral droplets. He first sewed a 6-layer gauze mask on the surgical gown. When he wanted to use it, he turned it up to cover his nose and mouth, and put it on the collar if he didn't want to use it. Sewing on the collar seems convenient, but in fact it still has a lot of defects, you still need to press it with your hand while wearing the mask. Later, on this basis, he came up with the idea of stitching two straps to his ears. Basically, the prototype of the modern mask was born. The mask was invented after several wave conversions, but it is also limited to medical personnel. But to really make masks popular, it still needs some big events.
For example, the popularity of Chinese masks began with the Northeast Plague in 1910. Compared with foreign medical masks at that time, this kind of mask was easier to manufacture and the materials were also easier to obtain. It was mainly a piece of absorbent cotton sandwiched between two layers of medical gauze. Wu Liande used human and material resources to mass-produce such masks for the public, and they were quickly accepted by the public. Facing the death of tens of thousands of people due to the plague, Wu Liande, deputy superintendent of the Tianjin Army Military Medical School, developed a Wu mask after implementing a series of measures.
Masks originated in China, seemingly simple items, in fact, have traveled over 700 years of history
The popularity of masks worldwide is due to the Spanish flu that swept the world in 1918. After three rounds of transmission, a total of 1 billion people have been infected worldwide.
In order to fight against the epidemic, people were obliged to wear masks, and since then, masks have become popular.
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