Use mulch all year round, but are you really using it right?
Use mulch all year round, but are you really using it right?1. Classification of plastic film
1. White plastic film: light transmission, rapid rise of ground temperature, transplanted seedlings in the spring and summer if the surface is uneven, the transplanted seedlings are easy to burn, and weeds are easy to grow.
All over, weeding should be done well
2. Black mulch film: opaque, slow rise in ground temperature, grass pressing, mainly used in the cultivation of vegetables in low humidity fields and easy to grow weeds.
3. Silver-gray two-color film: opaque, pressed grass, has an expelling effect on aphids, whitefly, etc., but the low temperature recovery is slow, mainly used in eggplant
Fruit, melon vegetables cultivation.
2. Misunderstanding of using plastic film
1. The plastic film is close to the base of the stem and the dead tree is serious
Some bell peppers grown by some vegetable farmers have a large area of dead trees, and the base of the stem rots to become dark brown and flooded. After careful inquiry, they learned that when they covered the plastic film, the plastic film and the stem were close to each other. When the temperature was high, the water evaporated from the soil condensed into water droplets on the plastic film and flowed down the base of the stem. Day after day, the stem The base formed a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, which caused a serious outbreak of sweet pepper blight.
Remind friends of vegetable farmers that when covering the plastic film, do not stick to the base of the vegetable stem, try not to cut the plastic film with a blade, but use your fingers to pick the plastic film to ensure that the mouth is larger and will not bridge. The general diameter is 5 to 8 cm. In the high temperature stage, roll up the two sides of the plastic film to prevent the ground temperature from being too high; when the temperature drops, pull the plastic film away again and use the graft clip to clamp the two adjacent plastic films so that the plastic film does not touch the stem.
At the same time, note that after the mulch is buckled, take a handful of soil to press the mulch around the seedlings, and the mulch cannot be allowed to breathe
2. Covering the whole shed with ground affects root growth
Some vegetable farmers report that the spring stubble tomatoes planted this year are growing weak, with thin stems and yellow leaves, and there is a serious drop of flowers and fruits. The technicians found through field interviews that the plastic film they covered was close to the ground, which affected the gas exchange between the soil and the air. Especially after watering, the soil permeability was very poor, resulting in obstructed root breathing, poor root growth, and the ability to absorb nutrients If it weakens, the tomatoes will naturally grow weaker.
Here it is recommended that the planting line should be supported by steel wire or bamboo poles, every 50 cm, covering the stalk from south to north, so that watering under the film can be achieved, which improves soil permeability, It also makes it difficult for the moisture to evaporate outside, which reduces the humidity in the shed; and the operation line is best to cover the crop straw, which not only raises the ground temperature, but also regulates the humidity in the shed.
3. Autumn stubble vegetable mulch covered too early is not conducive to deep rooting
In the winter, as the temperature decreases, vegetable farmers planting cucumbers usually use the "perforation method" to step up to cover the plastic film. According to practical suggestions, in the greenhouse vegetable cultivation, the time of covering the plastic film will be determined according to the specific climatic conditions. For example, after the autumn stubble cucumber is planted, the outside temperature is high. If it is covered with plastic film immediately, on the one hand, it will be prone to stuffy roots due to the excessive temperature increase of the plastic film; Growing up may cause squat seedlings to fail, and it is difficult to cultivate strong seedlings and strong trees. Therefore, it is recommended to cover the plastic film after 15 days of planting according to the weather conditions, which is conducive to the rooting of seedlings to cultivate strong trees.
4. Covering the mulch only in the operation line is equivalent to not covering the mulch
In order to reduce costs, many vegetable farmers only cover the operation rows in the shed, while the planting rows do not cover the plastic film. However, this approach not only did not give full play to the advantages of mulching, but also highlighted the disadvantages, and the effect was very poor. In the production of greenhouse vegetables, the most important role of mulching is to reduce the humidity in the greenhouse and reduce the occurrence of diseases. The practice of covering the plastic film and not covering the planting row is not conducive to reducing the humidity in the shed, because when the vegetables are watered, the planting row is most of the time, and the planting line does not cover the film to reduce the air humidity. To what extent, it can not play the role of thermal insulation. The disadvantages of covering the plastic film in the operation line are also obvious, which greatly reduces the soil permeability in the operation line and affects the growth and development of the root system.
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