What do we need to pay attention to when covering plastic film?
What do I need to pay attention to when covering plastic film?What are the precautions for covering the crop with plastic film? What do I need to pay attention to after crops are covered with plastic film? What are the main points of crop mulching? The following farming help planting net is briefly introduced for netizens' reference.
What do I need to pay attention to when covering plastic film?
1. Need ridge cultivation
Cultivation by ridge mulching and plastic film, the plastic film is easy to adhere to the ridge surface, can be tightly compacted, windproof and windproof. After ridge mulching and film mulching, the field receives a lot of light, heat storage, rapid temperature increase, high ground temperature, loose soil and air permeability, which is conducive to the coordination of soil water, fertilizer, gas and heat, and provides superior seed germination and seedling root growth condition. The ridge mulching film cover and the increased soil temperature gradient can promote the rise of deep soil moisture along the capillary for plant absorption and utilization, and at the same time warm the moist soil environment, can accelerate the soil microbial activity and soil nutrient mineralization and release process. The traditional flat or low border planting has poor mulching effect, which is not conducive to improving the quality of mulching film, preventing wind, protecting seedlings and achieving early maturity and high yield.
2. Need to choose high quality and high product varieties
The comprehensive environmental and ecological effects after covering the plastic film can advance the growth period of various crops by 10 to 20 days. For example, various vegetables, watermelon, melon, sweet corn and other crops with early maturity and high efficiency as the main target, select early maturity varieties, and the effect of early maturity will be obtained after mulching with plastic film; selecting middle and late maturing varieties can advance maturity and obtain high yield. Cotton, corn, rice and other crops with high yield and high quality as the cultivation target, after mulching with plastic film, can increase the total accumulated temperature and effective accumulated temperature amount, and advance the effective growth period, not only can obtain high yield and high quality, but also can provide local replacement of mid-late mature high-yield varieties Necessary cultivation conditions.
What do I need to pay attention to when covering plastic film?
3, need to apply sufficient base fertilizer
The field covered with plastic film has high soil temperature, vigorous soil microbial activity, fast organic matter decomposition, increased available nutrients, and fast crop growth. In order to maintain a high level of soil fertility and prevent crop defertilization and early decay in the middle and late stages, the land preparation process should be Increase the application of slow-acting organic fertilizer that has been fully fermented, turned over and cleared of debris. After fertilization, it is fully mixed with the soil through tillage. Generally, the amount of base fertilizer applied in the field covered with plastic film is 30% to 50% higher than that in the general field, and pay attention to the reasonable ratio of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers. In plots with moderate or higher fertility, excessive nitrogen fertilizer will cause crops to grow too long. The application amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be reduced by 10% to 20%. For plots with thin soil fertility ridges, increasing the application of nitrogen fertilizer is conducive to increasing yield.
4. The main points of sowing
Most crops such as cotton, corn and some vegetables are sown by direct broadcast. You can use the method of covering the mulch first and then sowing. That is, perforate or cut the "ten" in the sown part of the mulch, sow the depth as required, and cover the soil after sowing And seal together with the plastic film hole, the sealing soil should be higher than the border surface to facilitate heating, pay attention to the seeding depth, seeding amount and soil coverage depth, to ensure that the emergence is neat and consistent; you can also use the method of sowing after covering the film, but It should be noted that when the seedlings top the soil, the seedlings are broken in time, especially on sunny days and high temperatures. The seedlings emerge quickly and concentrated. If the seedlings are not opened in time, the seedlings will be burned under the membrane due to high temperature and cause dead seedlings. A special person should check and release the seedlings in time, and seal the seedling holes with damp soil to prevent the hot steam from escaping the seedlings and breeding weeds.
What do I need to pay attention to when covering plastic film?
5. Need to irrigate in time
Film mulching can effectively inhibit soil moisture evaporation, and it is a drought-resistant and moisture-retaining measure centered on water retention. The characteristics of water management of mulching film planting are: proper water control in the early growth stage of crops, moisturizing, squatting, and root promotion, laying a good foundation for the whole growth period; in the middle and late growth period, the crop plants are tall, the leaves are dense, and the transpiration is increased. Large, rapid growth and development, at this time irrigation should be timely and combined with irrigation for top dressing. After the film is covered, the soil moisture rises from the deep soil to the surface from the capillary. Because the film barrier is concentrated on the surface of the ground, it is often in a state of water shortage below the surface, so it should be irrigated in time according to the actual soil moisture and crop growth. After covering the plastic film, avoid flood irrigation, otherwise the soil moisture is high, the ventilation is poor, it is easy to harden, affect the root development of the crop, and high humidity is easy to cause crop diseases. After heavy rainfall, water accumulation and flood prevention should be eliminated within 24 hours.
6. Weed control
If the mulching film is not properly covered, the cover is not tight, and the mulching film cannot be closely attached to the ridge surface, it will often cause weeds to grow. In the field with good water and fertilizer conditions, it is more serious, and the mulching film is often lifted, which consumes water and nutrients. Affect crop growth. In order to effectively kill grass and reduce grass damage, first of all, we must improve the quality of the mulching film, seal the compaction around the mulch, seal the holes in time, and make the mulch and the surface relatively closed. Under strong sunlight, the temperature under the transparent plastic film can reach 40 ℃ ~ 50 ℃, can burn weed seedlings, to achieve the purpose of weed control; second, in grassy areas, multi-crop fields or high temperature and high humidity in summer and autumn When mulching film is used for cultivation, special mulch film such as black mulch film, green mulch film, black and white double-sided film and weeding film can be selected to achieve the effect of weed control and grass weed elimination. Third, to solve the weeding problem of large-area mulch film cultivation You can use a suitable herbicide to spray the soil surface, but you should pay special attention to the type of herbicide selected during use. If it is not applied properly, the cultivated crops will suffer pesticide damage.
The amount of herbicide applied to the land covered with plastic film should be reduced by 1/3 compared to conventional cultivation. Two points should be noted when spraying herbicides: First, choose the appropriate herbicide strictly according to the type of crop, avoid blindness, and strictly control the dosage , Select the appropriate concentration and use method; second, in order to eliminate the impact of herbicides on crops, when sowing and planting, the soil layer containing herbicides on the ground should be cleared first, then planted or planted, and then covered with new soil to seal the hole, try to Reduce herbicide contact with seeds and seedlings.
What do I need to pay attention to when covering plastic film?
7. Prevention of diseases and insect pests
As the plastic film cover changed the soil environment and the near-surface microclimate, the crop growth period was obviously advanced, which caused a corresponding change in the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests. Some diseases and insect pests have a tendency to occur and spread in advance. The investigation of the occurrence of field diseases and insect pests should be carried out early. Prevention and control measures, timely prevention of pests and diseases. The ground covered with silver gray or silver gray strip membrane can reduce the number of aphids, can prevent heartworms, beet weevil, etc., and has a certain effect on the prevention of crop virus diseases.
8. Recovery of residual film to prevent pollution
Fields that have been covered with plastic film for successive years will have some plastic film fragments remaining in the soil, especially those that do not pay attention to picking up and recovering residual plastic film. The residual amount of plastic film is larger, which not only delays cultivation, but also affects the seed germination and root system of some crops Growth causes crops to reduce production and income in varying degrees, and a large number of plastic film fragments drift with the wind, which will also cause pollution to the ecological environment. Ingestion of livestock will cause intestinal diseases. Therefore, starting from the protection of the fundamental interests of the ecological environment, we must strictly adhere to the picking up and recycling of residual mulch and concentrate on processing and utilization.
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